相關政策
MANAGEMENT DYNAMICS
發布日期：2017-02-21
來源：國務院辦公廳國辦發〔2017〕19號
各省、自治區(qu)、直轄市(shi)人民政(zheng)府，國務院各部委、各直屬機構：
建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)是國民經(jing)濟的(de)(de)支(zhi)柱產業(ye)(ye)。改(gai)革開放以(yi)來，我國建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)造能(neng)力不斷增強(qiang)，產業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模不斷擴大(da)(da)，吸(xi)納(na)了大(da)(da)量(liang)農村轉移勞動(dong)力，帶動(dong)了大(da)(da)量(liang)關聯產業(ye)(ye)，對經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、城(cheng)鄉建(jian)設和民生改(gai)善作(zuo)出(chu)了重要貢(gong)獻。但也要看(kan)到，建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)仍然大(da)(da)而不強(qiang)，監(jian)管體(ti)制機制不健(jian)全(quan)、工程建(jian)設組織方(fang)式落后、建(jian)筑(zhu)設計(ji)水平有(you)待提(ti)高、質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)事故時有(you)發(fa)(fa)生、市(shi)場違(wei)法違(wei)規(gui)行為(wei)(wei)較多(duo)、企業(ye)(ye)核(he)心競(jing)爭力不強(qiang)、工人技(ji)能(neng)素質(zhi)偏低(di)等(deng)問題較為(wei)(wei)突出(chu)。為(wei)(wei)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)《中共(gong)中央 國務(wu)院(yuan)關于進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加強(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)規(gui)劃建(jian)設管理工作(zuo)的(de)(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見》，進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)深化建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)“放管服(fu)”改(gai)革，加快(kuai)產業(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級，促進建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)持續健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)新(xin)型城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化提(ti)供支(zhi)撐，經(jing)國務(wu)院(yuan)同(tong)意(yi)，現提(ti)出(chu)以(yi)下意(yi)見：
一、總體要求
全面(mian)貫徹黨的(de)十(shi)八(ba)大和十(shi)八(ba)屆二中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、四中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、六中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全會以及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)經濟工作(zuo)會議(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)會議(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)城(cheng)市工作(zuo)會議(yi)精神(shen)，深入(ru)貫徹習近平總(zong)(zong)書記系列重(zhong)要講(jiang)話(hua)精神(shen)和治國(guo)理(li)政新理(li)念新思想新戰略，認真落實黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務院決策(ce)部署，統籌推(tui)進(jin)“五位一(yi)體(ti)”總(zong)(zong)體(ti)布局和協(xie)調推(tui)進(jin)“四個全面(mian)”戰略布局，牢固樹立和貫徹落實創(chuang)新、協(xie)調、綠色(se)、開放、共(gong)享的(de)發展理(li)念，堅持(chi)以推(tui)進(jin)供給(gei)側結構性改(gai)革為(wei)主(zhu)線，按照適用、經濟、安全、綠色(se)、美觀的(de)要求(qiu)，深化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)“放管服”改(gai)革，完善監管體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)市場環(huan)境，提升(sheng)工程質量安全水平，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)隊伍建(jian)(jian)設，增強(qiang)企業(ye)核心競爭力，促進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)持(chi)續健康發展，打(da)造“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)造”品牌。
二、深化建筑業(ye)簡政(zheng)放權改革
（一(yi)）優(you)化(hua)(hua)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)格管(guan)理。進一(yi)步(bu)簡化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)類別和(he)等級設(she)置，減少不必要的(de)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)認定。選擇部分地區開(kai)展(zhan)試(shi)點，對信用(yong)(yong)良好、具(ju)有相關專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)能力(li)、能夠提供足額擔保(bao)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，在其(qi)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)類別內放寬承攬業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務范圍限(xian)制(zhi)，同(tong)時，加快完善信用(yong)(yong)體系、工(gong)(gong)程擔保(bao)及個(ge)人執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)格等相關配套制(zhi)度(du)，加強事(shi)中事(shi)后監管(guan)。強化(hua)(hua)個(ge)人執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)格管(guan)理，明晰(xi)注冊執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員的(de)權利(li)、義務和(he)責任，加大執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)責任追究力(li)度(du)。有序發展(zhan)個(ge)人執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)事(shi)務所，推動建(jian)立(li)個(ge)人執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險制(zhi)度(du)。大力(li)推行(xing)“互聯(lian)網(wang)+政(zheng)務服務”，實行(xing)“一(yi)站式”網(wang)上審批(pi)，進一(yi)步(bu)提高建(jian)筑領域行(xing)政(zheng)審批(pi)效率(lv)。
（二）完善招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)制度。加快修(xiu)訂《工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)范圍(wei)和(he)規模標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)》，縮小(xiao)并嚴格界定(ding)(ding)必須進行(xing)(xing)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)范圍(wei)，放寬有關規模標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，防止工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實行(xing)(xing)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)“一刀(dao)切(qie)”。在(zai)民間投(tou)資(zi)的(de)房屋(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)中，探(tan)索(suo)由建(jian)設單(dan)位自主(zhu)決定(ding)(ding)發(fa)包方式。將(jiang)依法(fa)必須招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)納入統一的(de)公(gong)(gong)共資(zi)源交易平臺，遵(zun)循(xun)公(gong)(gong)平、公(gong)(gong)正(zheng)、公(gong)(gong)開和(he)誠信的(de)原則，規范招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)行(xing)(xing)為。進一步簡(jian)化招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)程(cheng)(cheng)序，盡快實現招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)交易全過程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)子(zi)化，推行(xing)(xing)網上(shang)異(yi)地評標(biao)(biao)(biao)。對(dui)依法(fa)通(tong)過競爭性談判或單(dan)一來源方式確定(ding)(ding)供應商(shang)的(de)政府采購工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，符合相應條件(jian)的(de)應當頒發(fa)施工許(xu)可證(zheng)。
三、完善工程(cheng)建設組織(zhi)模式(shi)
（三）加(jia)快(kuai)推行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。裝配式建(jian)筑原則上應(ying)采(cai)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)模式。政府投資(zi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)完(wan)善(shan)建(jian)設管理(li)模式，帶頭(tou)推行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。加(jia)快(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)相關的招標投標、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許可、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)等(deng)制度規定。按(an)照總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)負總責的原則，落實工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單位(wei)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量安全、進度控制、成本管理(li)等(deng)方面的責任。除以暫估價形式包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)范圍內且依(yi)法必須進行招標的項目外，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單位(wei)可以直接發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合同中(zhong)涵蓋的其(qi)他專業業務。
（四(si)）培育全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)。鼓(gu)(gu)勵投(tou)(tou)資(zi)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、勘察、設計、監理(li)、招標代理(li)、造價等企業采取聯(lian)合經(jing)營、并購(gou)重組等方(fang)式發展全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)，培育一(yi)批具有(you)國際水平的全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)企業。制(zhi)定全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服務(wu)技術標準和(he)合同范本。政府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應帶(dai)頭(tou)推行(xing)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)，鼓(gu)(gu)勵非(fei)政府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)委托(tuo)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服務(wu)。在民用建筑項目中，充分(fen)發揮建筑師的主(zhu)導作用，鼓(gu)(gu)勵提供全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服務(wu)。
四、加強工(gong)程(cheng)質量安全管理
（五）嚴格(ge)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。全面落(luo)實(shi)(shi)各方主體的工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，特別要(yao)強化建設(she)單(dan)位的首要(yao)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和勘察、設(she)計(ji)、施工單(dan)位的主體責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。嚴格(ge)執行(xing)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)終(zhong)(zhong)身責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制，在(zai)建筑物明(ming)顯部位設(she)置永久性標(biao)牌(pai)，公(gong)示質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主體和主要(yao)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)。對違反有關規定、造成(cheng)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)事故的，依法(fa)給(gei)予責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位停(ting)業(ye)整頓、降(jiang)低資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)等(deng)級(ji)、吊銷資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)證書等(deng)行(xing)政(zheng)處罰(fa)并通過(guo)國家企(qi)業(ye)信(xin)用信(xin)息公(gong)示系統予以(yi)公(gong)示，給(gei)予注(zhu)冊(ce)執業(ye)人(ren)員暫停(ting)執業(ye)、吊銷資(zi)(zi)格(ge)證書、一定時間直至終(zhong)(zhong)身不(bu)得進入(ru)行(xing)業(ye)等(deng)處罰(fa)。對發生工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)事故造成(cheng)損失(shi)的，要(yao)依法(fa)追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)經(jing)濟賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，情節嚴重的要(yao)追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)有關單(dan)位和人(ren)員的法(fa)律(lv)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。參(can)與房地產開發的建筑業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)應依法(fa)合(he)規經(jing)營，提高住(zhu)宅品質(zhi)。
（六）加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)安全(quan)(quan)生產管理(li)。全(quan)(quan)面落實(shi)安全(quan)(quan)生產責(ze)任，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)施工(gong)(gong)現場安全(quan)(quan)防(fang)護，特別要強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化對(dui)深基坑、高支模、起(qi)重機械等危險性較大(da)的分(fen)部分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程的管理(li)，以及對(dui)不良地質地區重大(da)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目的風(feng)險評(ping)估或論證。推進信(xin)息技術與安全(quan)(quan)生產深度融合，加(jia)(jia)快建設建筑施工(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)監管信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)，通(tong)過信(xin)息化手段加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)安全(quan)(quan)生產管理(li)。建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)覆蓋、多(duo)層次、經(jing)常性的安全(quan)(quan)生產培訓制度，提升從業人員安全(quan)(quan)素質以及各(ge)方主體(ti)的本(ben)質安全(quan)(quan)水平。
（七）全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)水(shui)平。完善工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)律法(fa)規和(he)(he)管(guan)理制度(du)(du)，健全(quan)(quan)(quan)企(qi)業負責、政府監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)、社會監(jian)(jian)(jian)督的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障體系。強(qiang)化政府對工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)，明(ming)確監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)范圍，落實監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)責任(ren)，加(jia)大抽查抽測力度(du)(du)，重點加(jia)強(qiang)對涉及(ji)公共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程地基基礎、主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)等(deng)部位(wei)和(he)(he)竣工(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)等(deng)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢查。加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督隊(dui)伍建設(she)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)督機構(gou)(gou)履行職能所需經費由同級財政預算全(quan)(quan)(quan)額保障。政府可采(cai)取(qu)購買服務的(de)(de)(de)方式，委(wei)托(tuo)具備條件的(de)(de)(de)社會力量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進行工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢查。推進工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)標準化管(guan)理，督促各方主(zhu)體健全(quan)(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)控機制。強(qiang)化對工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)理的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)，選擇部分地區開展(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理單位(wei)向(xiang)政府報告質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理情況的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)點。加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測機構(gou)(gou)管(guan)理，嚴厲打擊出具虛假(jia)報告等(deng)行為。推動(dong)發展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保險。
五(wu)、優化建筑市場環境(jing)
（八）建立(li)統一開放市場。打破(po)區(qu)域(yu)市場準(zhun)入(ru)壁壘，取消各(ge)地區(qu)、各(ge)行業在(zai)法律(lv)、行政法規和國務院規定外對建筑(zhu)(zhu)業企業設(she)置的不(bu)合理準(zhun)入(ru)條件；嚴(yan)禁擅自設(she)立(li)或變相(xiang)設(she)立(li)審(shen)批、備案事項(xiang)，為建筑(zhu)(zhu)業企業提供(gong)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)市場環境。完善全國建筑(zhu)(zhu)市場監管公(gong)(gong)共服務平(ping)臺，加快(kuai)實(shi)現與全國信用信息(xi)共享(xiang)平(ping)臺和國家企業信用信息(xi)公(gong)(gong)示系統的數(shu)據共享(xiang)交換。建立(li)建筑(zhu)(zhu)市場主體黑名單(dan)制度，依法依規全面公(gong)(gong)開企業和個人(ren)信用記(ji)錄，接受(shou)社會監督。
（九）加強承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)履(lv)約管理(li)(li)。引導承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)企(qi)業以(yi)銀行保(bao)(bao)函或擔保(bao)(bao)公司保(bao)(bao)函的(de)(de)(de)形式，向建(jian)設單位提供履(lv)約擔保(bao)(bao)。對采用常規通用技(ji)術標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)府投(tou)資工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，在原則(ze)(ze)上實行最低(di)價(jia)(jia)中標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)同時，有效發揮(hui)履(lv)約擔保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)作用，防止惡(e)意低(di)價(jia)(jia)中標(biao)，確保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資不超預(yu)算。嚴厲查處轉包(bao)(bao)和違法分(fen)包(bao)(bao)等行為。完(wan)善工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量清單計價(jia)(jia)體系和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)信息發布機制，形成統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)計價(jia)(jia)規則(ze)(ze)，合(he)理(li)(li)確定和有效控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)。
（十）規范工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)。審計機(ji)關應依(yi)法加強(qiang)對以政府投資為主(zhu)的(de)(de)公共(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)審計監督，建(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位不(bu)得(de)將未完成(cheng)審計作為延期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)、拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)(de)理由(you)。未完成(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)的(de)(de)項目(mu)，有關部門不(bu)予(yu)辦理產權登(deng)記。對長期(qi)拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位不(bu)得(de)批(pi)準(zhun)新項目(mu)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)預付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)制度，及時按合同約定足(zu)額向(xiang)承包單(dan)(dan)位支付(fu)(fu)預付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)。通過工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)支付(fu)(fu)擔保等經(jing)濟、法律手段約束建(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位履約行(xing)為，預防拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)。
六、提高(gao)從業人(ren)員(yuan)素質
（十一）加(jia)快(kuai)培(pei)養建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。積極(ji)培(pei)育既有(you)國際(ji)視野又有(you)民族自信(xin)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)師隊伍。加(jia)快(kuai)培(pei)養熟悉國際(ji)規則的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業高級(ji)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。大力(li)推(tui)進校(xiao)企(qi)合(he)作，培(pei)養建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業專(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。加(jia)強工(gong)(gong)(gong)程現(xian)場管理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)教育培(pei)訓。健全(quan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業職業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)標準體系(xi)，全(quan)面實施建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)職業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)鑒定制度。發展一批建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)鑒定機(ji)構，開(kai)展建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)評價工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。通過制定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)基本配(pei)備標準、發布(bu)各個(ge)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)等(deng)級(ji)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本信(xin)息等(deng)方式，引導企(qi)業將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)分配(pei)向關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)崗位(wei)傾斜(xie)。大力(li)弘揚工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠精神，培(pei)養高素(su)質建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，到2020年建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業中級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)水平以上(shang)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)量達(da)到300萬(wan)，2025年達(da)到1000萬(wan)。
（十二）改革建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)度。推動建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型，大(da)力發展(zhan)木工(gong)(gong)、電工(gong)(gong)、砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、鋼筋制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)等以作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。以專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的主要載(zai)體，逐(zhu)步實現(xian)(xian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)公司化、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化管理(li)。鼓勵(li)現(xian)(xian)有專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進一步做專做精，增強競爭力，推動形成一批(pi)以作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。促進建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)向技術工(gong)(gong)人(ren)轉型，著力穩(wen)定和擴大(da)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)。建(jian)立全國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)管理(li)服(fu)務(wu)信息(xi)平臺，開展(zhan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)實名(ming)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)，記錄建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的身份信息(xi)、培訓情況、職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技能、從業(ye)(ye)(ye)記錄等信息(xi)，逐(zhu)步實現(xian)(xian)全覆蓋。
（十三）保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)合法權(quan)益。全(quan)面落實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)制度(du)，加大(da)監(jian)察力(li)度(du)，督促施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位與(yu)招用(yong)的(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)依(yi)法簽訂勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)，到2020年基本實(shi)(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋。健(jian)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)付保(bao)(bao)障制度(du)，按照誰用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)誰負責(ze)和總承包負總責(ze)的(de)原則，落實(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)付責(ze)任，依(yi)法按月足額(e)發放工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。將(jiang)存(cun)在拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)行(xing)(xing)為的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)列入黑名單(dan)，對其采取限制市場準(zhun)入等(deng)懲戒措施(shi)，情節嚴(yan)重的(de)降低資(zi)質等(deng)級(ji)。建立健(jian)全(quan)與(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)相適應的(de)社(she)會保(bao)(bao)險參(can)保(bao)(bao)繳費方式，大(da)力(li)推進建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位參(can)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應履行(xing)(xing)社(she)會責(ze)任，不斷改善建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作環境，提升職業(ye)(ye)(ye)健(jian)康水平，促進建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)穩定(ding)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)。
七、推(tui)進建筑(zhu)產業現代化
（十四）推(tui)廣(guang)智能和(he)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建筑(zhu)。堅持標(biao)準化設計、工廠化生產、裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)化施工、一(yi)體化裝(zhuang)修、信息化管理、智能化應用，推(tui)動建造(zao)方式(shi)創新(xin)，大力(li)發展裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)混凝土和(he)鋼結(jie)構建筑(zhu)，在具(ju)備條件(jian)的(de)(de)地方倡導(dao)發展現代(dai)木結(jie)構建筑(zhu)，不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建筑(zhu)在新(xin)建建筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)比(bi)例。力(li)爭用10年左右的(de)(de)時間，使裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建筑(zhu)占新(xin)建建筑(zhu)面積的(de)(de)比(bi)例達到30%。在新(xin)建建筑(zhu)和(he)既有建筑(zhu)改(gai)造(zao)中(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)普及(ji)智能化應用，完善智能化系統運行維護機制，實現建筑(zhu)舒(shu)適安全、節能高(gao)效。
（十五）提升(sheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)水平(ping)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)應(ying)體現地域特(te)征、民(min)族特(te)點(dian)和(he)時代風貌，突(tu)出建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)使用功(gong)能及(ji)節能、節水、節地、節材和(he)環(huan)(huan)保等要求，提供(gong)功(gong)能適(shi)用、經濟合(he)理(li)、安全可(ke)靠、技術先進、環(huan)(huan)境協調的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)產品。健全適(shi)應(ying)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)特(te)點(dian)的(de)招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)制(zhi)度，推行設(she)計(ji)團隊招標(biao)、設(she)計(ji)方案招標(biao)等方式。促進國(guo)內外建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)企業公平(ping)競(jing)爭(zheng)，培育(yu)有國(guo)際競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)隊伍。倡(chang)導(dao)開展建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)評論，促進建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)理(li)念的(de)融合(he)和(he)升(sheng)華。
（十六(liu)）加(jia)強技(ji)術(shu)(shu)研發應(ying)用。加(jia)快(kuai)先進建造(zao)設(she)備、智(zhi)能設(she)備的(de)(de)研發、制(zhi)造(zao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)推(tui)廣應(ying)用，提(ti)升各類施(shi)工機(ji)具(ju)的(de)(de)性能和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)效率(lv)，提(ti)高機(ji)械化施(shi)工程(cheng)度(du)。限制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)淘汰落后、危險工藝工法，保障生產施(shi)工安全(quan)。積極(ji)支(zhi)持(chi)建筑(zhu)業科研工作，大幅(fu)提(ti)高技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新對產業發展的(de)(de)貢獻率(lv)。加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進建筑(zhu)信息(xi)模型（BIM）技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在規劃(hua)、勘察(cha)、設(she)計、施(shi)工和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)運營(ying)維(wei)護全(quan)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)集成(cheng)應(ying)用，實現(xian)工程(cheng)建設(she)項(xiang)目全(quan)生命周期數據共享和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)化管理，為項(xiang)目方案優化和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)科學(xue)決策提(ti)供依據，促進建筑(zhu)業提(ti)質(zhi)增效。
（十七(qi)）完善工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。整合精簡強(qiang)制性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，適度提(ti)高安全、質(zhi)量、性(xing)能(neng)、健康(kang)、節能(neng)等強(qiang)制性(xing)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)要(yao)求，逐步提(ti)高標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)水平。積極培(pei)育團體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，鼓勵具備(bei)相應能(neng)力的(de)行業(ye)協會(hui)、產(chan)業(ye)聯盟等主體(ti)共(gong)同制定(ding)滿足市場(chang)和(he)(he)創新需(xu)要(yao)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)立強(qiang)制性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)團體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)體(ti)制，增加標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有(you)效供(gong)給(gei)(gei)。及(ji)時開展標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)復審，加快(kuai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)修訂(ding)，提(ti)高標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)時效性(xing)。加強(qiang)科技(ji)研(yan)發(fa)與(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制定(ding)的(de)信(xin)息溝(gou)通，建(jian)立全國工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)專家委員會(hui)，為工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化工(gong)作提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)支撐，提(ti)高標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)水平。
八、加快建筑(zhu)業企業“走(zou)出去”
（十(shi)八）加強中外標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)銜接(jie)。積(ji)極開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)中外標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對比研(yan)究，適應國(guo)際通行的標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)內容結構、要素指標(biao)和相(xiang)關(guan)術(shu)語，縮小中國(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)與國(guo)外先進(jin)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的技術(shu)差距。加大中國(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)外文版(ban)翻譯和宣傳推廣(guang)力度，以(yi)“一帶一路”戰略為(wei)引領，優先在對外投資(zi)、技術(shu)輸出和援建工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目中推廣(guang)應用。積(ji)極參加國(guo)際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)認(ren)證(zheng)、交流等活動，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的雙(shuang)邊合作(zuo)。到2025年，實現工(gong)程(cheng)建設國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)全部有(you)外文版(ban)。
（十九）提高對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能力。統籌協調(diao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)“走(zou)出去”，充分發(fa)揮我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在高鐵、公路、電力、港口、機場、油氣長輸管(guan)道、高層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)等(deng)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)面的(de)比較優勢，有目標、有重點、有組織(zhi)地(di)(di)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)，參與“一帶一路”建(jian)(jian)設(she)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要加大對(dui)(dui)國(guo)際標準的(de)研(yan)究力度，積極(ji)(ji)適應國(guo)際標準，加強對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)、履約等(deng)方(fang)面管(guan)理(li)，在援外(wai)(wai)住房等(deng)民生項(xiang)目中發(fa)揮積極(ji)(ji)作(zuo)用。鼓勵大企(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶動中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)、沿(yan)(yan)海沿(yan)(yan)邊地(di)(di)區(qu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)合作(zuo)“出海”，積極(ji)(ji)有序(xu)開拓國(guo)際市場，避免惡性競爭。引導對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)向項(xiang)目融資、設(she)計咨(zi)詢、后續運營維(wei)護(hu)管(guan)理(li)等(deng)高附加值的(de)領(ling)域(yu)有序(xu)拓展。推(tui)動企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提高屬地(di)(di)化經(jing)營水(shui)平(ping)，實現與所在國(guo)家和地(di)(di)區(qu)互利共贏(ying)。
（二十(shi)）加(jia)大(da)政策扶(fu)持力度(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)建(jian)筑(zhu)業“走出(chu)(chu)去(qu)”相關主管部門間(jian)的(de)溝通協(xie)(xie)調和信息(xi)共享。到2025年(nian)，與(yu)大(da)部分“一帶一路”沿線(xian)國家和地(di)區簽訂(ding)雙邊工程建(jian)設合(he)作(zuo)備(bei)忘錄，同時爭取在雙邊自(zi)貿協(xie)(xie)定(ding)中納入相關內(nei)容，推進建(jian)設領(ling)域執業資格國際互(hu)認。綜合(he)發揮各類金(jin)融(rong)(rong)工具的(de)作(zuo)用，重點支(zhi)持對(dui)外(wai)經濟合(he)作(zuo)中建(jian)筑(zhu)領(ling)域的(de)重大(da)戰略項目。借鑒(jian)國際通行的(de)項目融(rong)(rong)資模式，按照風險可(ke)(ke)控、商(shang)業可(ke)(ke)持續原則(ze)，加(jia)大(da)對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)業“走出(chu)(chu)去(qu)”的(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持力度(du)。
各(ge)地區、各(ge)部門要高(gao)度(du)重視深化建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革(ge)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，健全工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)機制，明確任務分工(gong)(gong)，及時(shi)研究解決(jue)建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展中的重大(da)問題(ti)，完(wan)善(shan)相關(guan)政(zheng)策，確保按期完(wan)成各(ge)項(xiang)改革(ge)任務。加快(kuai)推動修訂建(jian)筑(zhu)法、招標投(tou)標法等(deng)(deng)法律，完(wan)善(shan)相關(guan)法律法規(gui)。充分發(fa)(fa)揮協會商會熟悉行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、貼(tie)近企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的優勢，及時(shi)反(fan)(fan)映(ying)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)訴求，反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)政(zheng)策落實情況，發(fa)(fa)揮好(hao)規(gui)范行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)秩序、建(jian)立從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員行(xing)為準則、促進企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)誠信經營等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的自(zi)律作(zuo)用。
國務院辦公廳
2017年2月21日
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